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  (1) Paper-mediated capacitors.

    Use two pieces of metal foil as electrodes, sandwich them in extremely thin capacitor paper, roll them into cylindrical or flat cylindrical cores, and then seal them in metal shells or insulating materials (such as lacquer, ceramic, glass glaze, etc.) ) Made in the shell. It is characterized by small size and larger capacity. But the inherent inductance and loss are relatively large, which is suitable for low-frequency circuits.

    (2) Film capacitors.

    The structure is the same as that of a paper capacitor, and the medium is polyester or polystyrene. Polyester film capacitors have high permittivity, small size, large capacity, and good stability. They are suitable for bypass capacitors. Polystyrene film capacitors have low dielectric loss and cannot be made into large capacity and high insulation resistance, but they have large temperature coefficients and can be used in high-frequency circuits.

    (3) Ceramic capacitors.

    Use ceramics as a medium. The silver layer is sprayed on both sides of the ceramic substrate, and then the silver film is fired to make the polar plate. Its characteristics are small size, good heat resistance, low loss, high insulation resistance, but small capacity, suitable for high-frequency circuits. Ferroelectric ceramic capacitors have large capacity, but large losses and temperature coefficients, and are suitable for low-frequency circuits.

    (4) Mica capacitors.

    Use metal foil or spray a silver layer on the mica sheet as the electrode plate. After the electrode plate and the mica are laminated one by one, they are then die-casted in bakelite powder or sealed in epoxy resin. It is characterized by low dielectric loss and high insulation resistance. The temperature coefficient is small, suitable for high-frequency circuits.
    (5) Glass glaze capacitors.

    It is formed by spraying a special mixture with a concentration suitable for spraying into a thin film. The medium is then sintered with a silver layer electrode to form a "monolith" structure and performance comparable to mica capacitors. It is characterized by the advantages of ceramic capacitors, smaller size and high temperature resistance.

    (6) Aluminum electrolytic capacitors.

    It is made of an aluminum cylinder as the negative electrode, which is filled with liquid electrolyte, and is made by inserting a curved aluminum strip as the positive electrode. It also needs to be processed by DC voltage to form an oxide film as a medium on the chip used as the positive electrode. It is characterized by large capacity, but large leakage, large error, poor stability, and positive and negative polarity. It is suitable for power supply filtering or low-frequency circuits. When using, the positive and negative poles should not be reversed.

    (7) Tantalum and niobium electrolytic capacitors.

    It uses metal tantalum or niobium as the positive electrode, dilute sulfuric acid and other solutions as the negative electrode, and uses the oxide film formed on the surface of tantalum or niobium as the medium. Its characteristics are small size, large capacity, very small leakage current, good storage, stable performance and long life. Large insulation resistance. Good temperature performance, used in demanding equipment.

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